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Tuesday, July 3, 2012

Israeli ex-PM Shamir lies in state before burial

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israels-shamir-lie-state-burial-085708070.html

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Israel memorial softens view of WWII pope

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israel-memorial-softens-view-wwii-pope-112400461.html

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Rusty memories rejuvenated in elderly mice

Forgetfulness that accompanies the march of time may be reversible ? in mice at least. Elderly mice have had their faltering memories restored after receiving extra amounts of an enzyme that switches genes on or off in the brain.

"We found they performed just like young animals," says Hilmar Bading of the University of Heidelberg in Germany.

He and his colleagues injected a virus directly into the brain's hippocampus ? an area responsible for memory. The virus contained extra copies of a gene that makes an enzyme called DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt3a2). This enzyme alters gene activity through methylation, the addition of chemical methyl groups to DNA.

The team then gave the mice a series of memory tasks. They were presented with a pair of objects, then a day later they were presented with the same set-up but with one object moved to a new position. Because young mice remember the original positions of the objects, they spent more time investigating the one that had been moved. Elderly mice generally spent the same amount of time on each.

When elderly mice were given the virus, they matched the young mice in the task, spending 70 per cent of their time investigating the moved object.

When the researchers used similar techniques to halve the amount of Dnmt3a2 that young mice produce, their performance deteriorated to that of non-treated elderly mice. "Clearly, if you have too little of the enzyme, your memory works less well," says Bading.

As yet, there is no drug that could boost levels of Dnmt3a2 in the human brain, but Bading says that more of it gets made naturally when the brain is active.

So while his team intend to investigate possible memory-enhancing treatments, his advice to people as they age is to keep their brains and bodies as active as possible.

Journal reference: Nature Neuroscience, DOI: 10.1038/nn.3151

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Source: http://feeds.newscientist.com/c/749/f/10897/s/20e621f9/l/0L0Snewscientist0N0Carticle0Cdn219980Erusty0Ememories0Erejuvenated0Ein0Eelderly0Emice0Bhtml0DDCMP0FOTC0Erss0Gnsref0Fonline0Enews/story01.htm

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Gunmen kill 10 in Kenya church attacks

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/gunmen-kill-10-kenya-church-attacks-091559565.html

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Monday, July 2, 2012

New Vilma lawsuit asks for quick appeal ruling

By BRETT MARTEL

AP Sports Writer

Associated Press Sports

updated 8:27 a.m. ET July 1, 2012

NEW ORLEANS (AP) - Saints linebacker Jonathan Vilma is suing the NFL in federal court, claiming Commissioner Roger Goodell failed to make a timely appeal ruling regarding Vilma's season-long suspension in connection with the league's bounty investigation.

The lawsuit filed Saturday night in U.S. District Court in New Orleans also asks for a temporary restraining order to allow Vilma to continue working if Goodell upholds the suspension.

The suit contends Goodell has undermined "the integrity of the NFL and the Commissioner's office" by handing down punishments to Vilma and others based on evidence that is either flawed or cannot be substantiated.

It is the second lawsuit Vilma has filed in the matter. The first, filed in May and also in federal court in New Orleans, seeks unspecified damages from Goodell for defamation of character.

In his latest filing, Vilma claims that the NFL's collective bargaining agreement required Goodell to rule as soon as was practical following a June 18 appeal hearing. Because players, in protest, declined to present new evidence or argue their case in the hearing, Goodell should have been able to rule by June 25, the first business day after the record was closed in the matter, the lawsuit argues.

"We have not yet had an opportunity to review Mr. Vilma's improper effort to litigate a matter that is committed to a collectively bargained process," NFL spokesman Greg Aiello said. "There is no basis for asking a federal court to substitute its judgment for the procedures agreed upon by the NFL and NFLPA, procedures that have been in place, and have served the game well, for decades."

In his latest attack on the NFL's handling of the bounty probe, Vilma contends punished players have only been able to see less than 1 percent of 50,000 pages of documents the league said it has compiled. His suit also claims that the few key pieces of evidence the league shared are flawed, including printed reproductions of handwritten notes.

"The NFL's alteration of other documents evidences that the NFL cannot substantiate the suspension, and undermines the integrity of the process," Vilma's lawsuit states.

The lawsuit seeks to discredit a key piece of evidence outlining bounty pledges from before the NFC championship game against Minnesota in January 2010, and also takes aim at fired assistant coach Mike Cerullo, who, according to Vilma, produced the document for the league.

Cerullo had a vendetta against the Saints after his firing following the 2009 season, and resented that the Super Bowl ring he received had been made with imitation (cubic zirconia) diamonds, the lawsuit contends.

The lawsuit claims Cerullo created the document "well after the 2009 NFC Championship game and in an effort to gain revenge against the Saints."

The suit further contends that a "close associate" of Cerullo has confirmed that Cerullo retracted his previous claims about the bounty program "in a communication directly with Goodell that occurred in April 2012."

The lawsuit notes that Goodell has not shared notes from interviews with Cerullo. Goodell also did not produce Cerullo as a witness at the appeal hearing or acknowledge Cerullo's retraction.

However, Aiello has denied that key witnesses in the bounty probe have retracted statements.

Aiello also has said the NFL has not issued any gag orders. Vilma's latest lawsuit, however, claims the NFL has ordered suspended former Saints defensive coordinator Greg Williams not to speak with suspended Saints players, coaches or officials as a condition for his reinstatement.

The NFL has said that Williams, who is suspended indefinitely, organized a bounty system that offered cash for hits that injured opponents, and which ran during his three seasons as defensive coordinator in New Orleans from 2009-11.

A close friend and associate of Williams, who was present for at least one discussion Williams had with Goodell, contends Williams never acknowledged the existence of a bounty program, Vilma's lawsuit said.

Williams' associate also contends that Williams has no information corroborating NFL findings that Vilma offered a $10,000 bounty for knocking quarterbacks Kurt Warner or Brett Favre out of 2009-10 playoff games.

The same associate confirmed that Goodell ordered Williams not to speak about the bounty matter with other punished individuals, the lawsuit said.

Source: http://nbcsports.msnbc.com/id/48031788/ns/sports-nfl/

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Why chronic pain is all in your head

Monday, July 2, 2012

When people have similar injuries, why do some end up with chronic pain while others recover and are pain free? The first longitudinal brain imaging study to track participants with a new back injury has found the chronic pain is all in their heads ?- quite literally.

A new Northwestern Medicine study shows for the first time that chronic pain develops the more two sections of the brain --- related to emotional and motivational behavior --- talk to each other. The more they communicate, the greater the chance a patient will develop chronic pain.

The finding provides a new direction for developing therapies to treat intractable pain, which affects 30 to 40 million adults in the United States.

Researchers were able to predict, with 85 percent accuracy at the beginning of the study, which participants would go on to develop chronic pain based on the level of interaction between the frontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens.

The study is published in the journal Nature Neuroscience.

"For the first time we can explain why people who may have the exact same initial pain either go on to recover or develop chronic pain," said A. Vania Apakarian, senior author of the paper and professor of physiology at Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine.

"The injury by itself is not enough to explain the ongoing pain. It has to do with the injury combined with the state of the brain. This finding is the culmination of 10 years of our research."

The more emotionally the brain reacts to the initial injury, the more likely the pain will persist after the injury has healed. "It may be that these sections of the brain are more excited to begin with in certain individuals, or there may be genetic and environmental influences that predispose these brain regions to interact at an excitable level," Apkarian said.

The nucleus accumbens is an important center for teaching the rest of the brain how to evaluate and react to the outside world, Apkarian noted, and this brain region may use the pain signal to teach the rest of the brain to develop chronic pain.

"Now we hope to develop new therapies for treatment based on this finding," Apkarian added.

Chronic pain participants in the study also lost gray matter density, which is likely linked to fewer synaptic connections or neuronal and glial shrinkage, Apkarian said. Brain synapses are essential for communication between neurons.

"Chronic pain is one of the most expensive health care conditions in the U. S. yet there still is not a scientifically validated therapy for this condition," Apkarian said. Chronic pain costs an estimated $600 billion a year, according to a 2011 National Academy of Sciences report. Back pain is the most prevalent chronic pain condition.

A total of 40 participants who had an episode of back pain that lasted four to 16 weeks --- but with no prior history of back pain --- were studied. All subjects were diagnosed with back pain by a clinician. Brain scans were conducted on each participant at study entry and for three more visits during one year.

###

Northwestern University: http://www.northwestern.edu

Thanks to Northwestern University for this article.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/121395/Why_chronic_pain_is_all_in_your_head

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Indigenous focus for whale talks

1 July 2012 Last updated at 21:52 ET By Richard Black Environment correspondent, BBC News, Panama City

The annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC) has opened with the focus on hunting by indigenous groups mainly in the Arctic.

The five-yearly quotas awarded to Inuit and other peoples are due for renewal, with Greenland asking for an increase.

Animal welfare groups charge that much of the meat is sold commercially, and that whales take too long to die.

Governments have reportedly agreed not to repeat last year's walkout, and votes are due on several issues.

These include proposals to declare the South Atlantic a whale sanctuary and to ask the UN to take charge of whale conservation.

But for a number of countries, including the US, renewing quotas for their indigenous peoples under Aboriginal Subsistence Whaling (ASW) rules is the top priority.

"We distinguish between commercial whaling, which we oppose, and ASW which we strongly support," said Doug DeMaster, acting US commissioner to the IWC.

"The cultural needs, the recognised tradition - we support the aboriginal use of large whales if they meet a 'needs' criteria that's established by the IWC, and if the removal levels are considered sustainable by the scientific committee of the IWC."

Time-to-death figures

Alaskan Inupiat communities catch about 56 bowhead whales under ASW rules each year, with the meat being distributed for free.

Continue reading the main story

The Legalities of Whaling

Objection - A country formally objects to the International Whaling Commission (IWC) moratorium, declaring itself exempt. Example: Norway
Scientific - A nation issues unilateral "scientific permits"; any IWC member can do this. Example: Japan
Indigenous (aka Aboriginal subsistence) - IWC grants permits to indigenous groups for subsistence food. Example: Alaskan Inupiat

There is evidence that the Inupiat have hunted bowheads for centuries and that their community structure derives from the hierarchical nature of the hunt.

However, in recent years anti-whaling groups have questioned whether Greenlandic Inuit have a genuine need to catch whales on the current scale.

Five years ago, an investigation by the World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA) found whalemeat on sale in 114 shops across Greenland, and estimated that about a quarter of the whalemeat landed was sold commercially.

Last month, a joint report by the Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society (WDCS) and the Animal Welfare Institute went further, concluding that whalemeat was routinely sold in restaurants, notably for tourists.

At this year's IWC meeting, the Danish government - which represents Greenland - is asking for an increased quota for fin and humpback whales on the basis that the indigenous peoples' need is not being met.

"The problem with the Greenland quota is that if there's commercialisation, it's not a 'need quota'," said Vanessa Tossenberger, leader of the WDCS delegation at the Panama meeting.

"So even though many of the Greenlanders say 'if somebody comes to my country I can give them whalemeat', you can give it in your home, not on a very fancy plate in a fancy restaurant with a very fancy price."

The Greenland bid has divided the European Union, which is supposed under EU rules to vote as a bloc at these meetings.

Some governments are using the WDCS report to question the Greenland bid behind the scenes, and may do so in public once the meeting starts, as happened in 2008 following the WSPA report.

Animal welfare groups will also be pointing to the fact that it takes much longer for whales to die in ASW hunts than in commercial operations, usually due to the use of old-fashioned equipment.

Russia's report to the IWC admits that none of the 128 gray whales killed last year by indigenous peoples in Chukotka, eastern Siberia, died as a result of the initial harpooning.

All required the use of a secondary attack; and when that involved a rifle, whales needed an average 92 bullets to finish them off.

Continue reading the main story

Guide to the great whales

The average time to death was more than half-an-hour. Both Russian and Greenlandic hunters registered occasions when whales took two hours to die.

By contrast, Norwegian hunters operating with modern equipment claim an average time to death of about two minutes.

The US says it is impossible to give time-to-death figures for the bowhead hunt as many whales dive or head under sea ice after being harpooned.

No consensus

The first substantive item on the agenda this year is due to be a vote on a Latin American-led proposal to declare the South Atlantic a whale sanctuary.

It was this item that triggered the chaotic end to last year's meeting, with Japan leading a walkout of pro-whaling nations.

It then emerged that the IWC did not have a rule on what constituted a quorum.

A working group has spent the intervening year trying to agree a definition, which has not been straightforward as different solutions favour either the pro- or anti-whaling camp.

It appears that delegates have reached a gentlemen's agreement that votes on the the sanctuary proposal and others will go ahead without any walkouts, though there is no formal consensus on what constitutes a quorum.

"We've had a lot of discussions with both pro- and anti-whaling countries; we believe there will be considerable effort to have a functional meeting," said Dr DeMaster.

The Latin American proposal needs a three-quarters majority to pass. Countries opposing it expect to have enough votes on the floor to prevent that.

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18666800#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa

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