Marriage and a high socioeconomic level improve health

Public release date: 10-Apr-2012
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Contact: Kristina Karlsdotter
kristina.karlsdotter@gmail.com
University of Granada

The per capita income and per capita welfare of the region of residence are protective factors against diseases

People with a high socioeconomic level have been demonstrated to have better health than the rest of people. Other protective factors against chronic diseases are having higher education, having a job, and the per capita income and welfare in the region of residence.

These are some of the conclusions drawn in a pioneer study conducted at the University of Granada by Kristina Karlsdotter, at the Department of Applied Economics, and supervised by professors Jos Jess Martn Martn and Mara del Puerto Lpez del Amo Gonzlez. The study also reveals the potential long-term effects that socioeconomic inequalities have on the health of the population at regional level, and the relevance of family when it comes to assess how social inequalities affect population's health.

To carry out this study, the researchers used data from two surveys conducted in Spain: the 2007 Survey on Living Conditions, performed by the Spanish National Statistics Institute, and the 2001 Longitudinal Database of the Andalusian Population conducted by the Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia and the Spanish National Research Council.

The Higher the Income, the Better the Health

University of Granada researchers have found that the individual income of a person "is positively associated with a good health status". Additionally, education level is statistically associated with health status: the higher the education level, the better the health of the individual according to several health variables: perceived health status the perception that an individual has on his/her own health status presence of chronic diseases, and the risk of been granted a temporary/permanent disability pension.

This study reveals the influence of family environment on an individual's health status. Thus, over 30% of variations in an individual's health status are caused by their family environment.

Social relationships are another protective factor against disease, but only in women.

Design of Policies

The authors of this study affirm that the results obtained "are relevant for the design of policies aimed at reducing health inequalities in Spain. The association between health status and the geographical (Autonomous Community, province, city, district) and family environment is very innovative, as well as the association between health status and income and social inequalities. "

This is a pioneer comparative study in Spain on the relationship between individual income, income inequalities, regional and social factors, and health status in people in Spain. This is also the first study to examine how the social environment affects an individual's health status. Finally, this is the first study to analyze the distribution of temporary/permanent disability pensions according to socioeconomic and geographic factors.

###

References:

Karlsdotter, K; Martn Martn, JJ; Lpez del Amo Gonzlez, MP (2012). Multilevel analysis of income, income inequalities and health in Spain. Social Science and Medicine. 2012. Disponible online en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.020

Karlsdotter, K; Martn Martn, JJ; Lpez del Amo Gonzlez, MP (2011). Influencia de la renta, la educacin, la desigualdad de renta y el capital social en la salud de los mayores de 65 aos en Espaa en 2007. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2011.doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.10.003

Contact: Kristina Karlsdotter. University of Granada Department of Applied Economics. E-mail address: kristina.karlsdotter@gmail.com

---

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AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

Public release date: 10-Apr-2012
[ | E-mail | Share ]

Contact: Kristina Karlsdotter
kristina.karlsdotter@gmail.com
University of Granada

The per capita income and per capita welfare of the region of residence are protective factors against diseases

People with a high socioeconomic level have been demonstrated to have better health than the rest of people. Other protective factors against chronic diseases are having higher education, having a job, and the per capita income and welfare in the region of residence.

These are some of the conclusions drawn in a pioneer study conducted at the University of Granada by Kristina Karlsdotter, at the Department of Applied Economics, and supervised by professors Jos Jess Martn Martn and Mara del Puerto Lpez del Amo Gonzlez. The study also reveals the potential long-term effects that socioeconomic inequalities have on the health of the population at regional level, and the relevance of family when it comes to assess how social inequalities affect population's health.

To carry out this study, the researchers used data from two surveys conducted in Spain: the 2007 Survey on Living Conditions, performed by the Spanish National Statistics Institute, and the 2001 Longitudinal Database of the Andalusian Population conducted by the Institute of Statistics and Cartography of Andalusia and the Spanish National Research Council.

The Higher the Income, the Better the Health

University of Granada researchers have found that the individual income of a person "is positively associated with a good health status". Additionally, education level is statistically associated with health status: the higher the education level, the better the health of the individual according to several health variables: perceived health status the perception that an individual has on his/her own health status presence of chronic diseases, and the risk of been granted a temporary/permanent disability pension.

This study reveals the influence of family environment on an individual's health status. Thus, over 30% of variations in an individual's health status are caused by their family environment.

Social relationships are another protective factor against disease, but only in women.

Design of Policies

The authors of this study affirm that the results obtained "are relevant for the design of policies aimed at reducing health inequalities in Spain. The association between health status and the geographical (Autonomous Community, province, city, district) and family environment is very innovative, as well as the association between health status and income and social inequalities. "

This is a pioneer comparative study in Spain on the relationship between individual income, income inequalities, regional and social factors, and health status in people in Spain. This is also the first study to examine how the social environment affects an individual's health status. Finally, this is the first study to analyze the distribution of temporary/permanent disability pensions according to socioeconomic and geographic factors.

###

References:

Karlsdotter, K; Martn Martn, JJ; Lpez del Amo Gonzlez, MP (2012). Multilevel analysis of income, income inequalities and health in Spain. Social Science and Medicine. 2012. Disponible online en: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.020

Karlsdotter, K; Martn Martn, JJ; Lpez del Amo Gonzlez, MP (2011). Influencia de la renta, la educacin, la desigualdad de renta y el capital social en la salud de los mayores de 65 aos en Espaa en 2007. Gaceta Sanitaria. 2011.doi:10.1016/j.gaceta.2011.10.003

Contact: Kristina Karlsdotter. University of Granada Department of Applied Economics. E-mail address: kristina.karlsdotter@gmail.com

---

[ | E-mail | Share ]

?

AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.

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Internet Marketing or advertising Trends B2B Interest Business lead ...

Massive Sales Results @ 1/2 the investment

I understand you have include a lot of time, electricity and effort straight into creating after which building up your online business. Inspire time for you to settle back and make use of your efforts, and make your money online. Nonetheless, are you aware of the latest trends in Internet marketing? Remember, it is vital to keep up-to-date with all the most recent developments inside the field, if you would like gain a willing edge over your competition.

Because experts have got analyzed, among the important information to keep in mind is that you, and your firm, need to generate and maintain a brand identity, the ?face? that would allow you to stand apart from others. You cannot connect with your customer today, in case you are faceless, and if you do not have a limited ?personality? that is noticeable on the Internet. For that reason, go ahead, build a face as well as a personality that your customers will enjoy and enjoy; this will go a long way in the direction of ensuring achievement.

Another Online marketing trend is that of using ?widgets?. The widget continues to be described as becoming quite much like plug-ins or extension cables, and is a new chunk of code that can be set up by an end user. An individual, as a business proprietor, can use a new widget for you to leverage things in such a way in which traffic to various other sites places up for your doorstep. Youtube is one business that has employed widgets properly.

Content spreading is yet another pattern that can be used to your advantage in your internet marketing venture. Anyone broadcast your content, instead of merely putting your posts online and scattering word around. The user subscribes to the ?feed? as well as access the information they want through it. Selecting able to update information regularly on your web site, so that your customer gets just the latest details whenever he or she logs throughout.

The ?pay for each call? is one of the coolest new styles today. A salesperson will be conscious of the fact that a trip is worth a hundred times higher than a ?click?, especially as this way your current salesperson would be able to enjoy reside contact with your client, and build upwards a long long lasting relationship along with him or her. Another similar Internet marketing trend belongs to the popular ?agent software.? This would help you sort out through the morass regarding unwanted details that comes on your path everyday, as well as would also note your needs online and allow you to follow all of them efficiently.

Gurus predict in which for your internet business, one critical development is the fact that social media growth will occur from area of interest products. In other words, Internet users is going to be promised really interest for the kids, so that they can be immediately drawn to your website. Search engine marketing, the latest technique of increasing the profits from your business online, will extend its achieve onto phones and other nearby searches, which is used to the great advantage. When behavioral focusing on and greater e-mail targeting always rise in recognition, then there may be no halting you from gathering a solid and many profitable business, using each one of these latest trends in Internet marketing.

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Inbound marketing

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Best new-car values for 2012

AFP/Getty Images

The all-electric Nissan Leaf has a range of 100 miles per charge and a top speed of 90 mph.

By Jim Gorzelany, Forbes.com

Volkswagen of America delivers the most value-packed new-vehicle product line among all automakers for 2012, followed closely in overall marks by Hyundai Motor America and Ford Motor Company, according to the results of a study?by the research company Strategic Vision.

While as in recent model years the two top-rated carmakers in the 2012 Total Value Index survey remain imports, domestic brands, specifically Ford and General Motors, now command a majority of top picks in specific model categories. ?An important ?time marker? in this year?s study is that for the first time in over 10 years American manufacturers lead the number of Total Value winners with 11 segment leaders,? says Chris Chaney, Strategic Vision?s vice president and head of automotive research. ?This is an important milestone toward the ?domestic comeback.??

For its part, General Motors took top segment positions with such models as the midsize Cadillac CTS and CTS Coupe, Chevrolet Corvette sport coupe, the full-size GMC Yukon SUV and the Chevrolet Volt extended range electric vehicle. Ford boasted category leaders with the midsize Lincoln MKZ Hybrid, Mustang Convertible, the seven-passenger Flex crossover SUV and the F150 and F250/350 pickup trucks.

Forbes.com slideshow: See the best new-car values

For the first time, four hybrid and electric-powered models were cited by Strategic Vision as being top values in their respective categories, including the Chevrolet Volt, Honda Civic Hybrid, Nissan Leaf and Lincoln MKZ Hybrid. Strategic Vision attributes their recognition to wider marketplace acceptance and desirability for alternative-fuel vehicles, along with the perception that they are becoming better values as fuel prices continue to rise.

?Even though the median price of a Chevy Volt was $43,000, owners believe that for every dollar spent, they got more than did buyers of other vehicles,? says Strategic Vision president Alexander Edwards. ?Customers had tremendous value appreciation for Volt?s technical innovation, warranty, standard equipment and certainly fuel economy.?

Among upscale vehicles, so-called ?smart luxury? cars that deliver value for the money as well as certified brand cache dominated the segment leaders in Total Value Index scores. These include such models?as the Audi A8 sedan and Q7 sport-utility vehicle, BMW Z4 roadster and the Volvo C70 convertible and XC60 crossover SUV.

?Smart luxury is the new trend for those segments that are premium, but within the reach of more customers who appreciate innovation, an exceptional array of standard equipment and present a strong value-equation,? says Chaney. ?You will be hearing about smart luxury more and more in the near future, even if the economy takes sure-footed positive steps.?

Strategic Vision?s Total Value Index ratings are computed on a 1,000-point scale. They?re based on extensive owner surveys that consider 442 separate new-car attributes, including a vehicle?s negotiated transaction price, standard equipment, fuel economy, warranty, reliability, resale value and operating costs and various aspects of customer satisfaction. Also noted is a model?s degree of technical innovation which, to quote the company?s news release, ?must be impactful, intuitive and true to what owners desire.?

The company claims its Total Value Index study is the most inclusive in the industry, perhaps to the point of sounding a bit intrusive. ?In addition to vehicle perceptions, we know what political party the owner claims, their personal media habits and hobbies, as well as what ethnicity they claim,? Chaney explains.

Perhaps at some point they?ll let us know what models, say, Republican Irish Catholic Facebook users who collect cookie jars are driving these days.

More from Forbes.com

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Peru's Shining Path rebels kidnap gas workers

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The Voice Recap: Xtina 1, Tony Lucca 0

After 12 of the top 24 gave it their all last week, The Voice returned for part two of the latest round last night, treating the audience to some great performances.

And a few that were less than great. But so it goes.

With six members of Team Adam Levine and six members of Team Cee Lo Green battling for just four spots apiece, there was a lot on the line Monday.

Let's break down the performances one by one:

Katrina Parker - "Tonight Tonight" (Team Adam)

Adam thought she did great, but no one will mistake her for Adele, who he so desperately wanted her to break away from. Better than average, not superb.

Cheesa - "Don't Leave Me This Way" (Team Cee Lo)

Cheesa did well, but like Katrina, didn't knock any socks off, and might leave her fate in the hands of the people who perform after. Too many dancers, too.

Tonny Lucca - "In Your Eyes" (Team Adam)

He wasn't that bad, but Christina launched into a rant about how Tony has no versatility and would only get votes because of his personal popularity, etc.

It was quite mean at worst, totally random at best. Adam stuck up for his boy and said Tony made him feel good with the song ... will America agree?

Kim Yarbrough - "Rolling in the Deep" (Team Adam)

Singing such an unbelievably good and popular song from such a dynamic, unique artist put her at a disadvantage this week. She just didn't have it.

Adam said that it is hard to do Adele because she's such a freak. True enough. He also loves Kim to death. Will America love her enough to keep her?

James Massone - "Don't Know Why" (Team Cee Lo)

Blake said he almost through his panties on the stage. That about sums it up. Cee Lo thought James might be too attentive to the crowd. Still strong.

Juliet Simms - "Roxanne" (Team Cee Lo)

This was the one. Hitting every note flawlessly and commanding the stage with each movement, Juliet put the five who went before her on notice.

Adam admitted it was the best performance he's seen so far on the show. Xtina said it was dope, much like everything else was this week for her.

In Juliet's case, though, it was actually true.

Mathai - "Ordinary People" (Team Adam)

Juliet was a tough act to follow, but Mathai stepped up big, with a song that showed utter control of her voice, showcased in uniquely perfect ways.

The judges all agreed that this was something special, all but guaranteeing Mathai a spot in the Sweet 16, even if Adam has to save her tonight.

Tony Vincent - "Everybody Wants to Rule the World" (Team Cee Lo)

He has a good voice, but the red monsters and the fact that he feels like an '80s music video character detract from it somewhat. The vibe felt off.

Karla Davis - "Airplanes" (Team Adam)

She goes from country to hip hop? Really? After the coaches didn't even want Moses to rap? The terrible song choice left her behind the eight ball.

Erin Martin - "Walk Like an Egyptian" (Team Cee Lo)

This was almost as bad of a song choice, given that it doesn't require any actual singing. Nice work getting people to take you seriously, The Voice.

Pip - "When You Were Young" (Team Adam)

Pip is not a rocker, however, he did his darndest to pull it off and got better as it went along, despite some pitch problems. He'll be alright after this.

Adam said he surprised everybody by doing this song, which was definitely true, and he acquitted himself well. Now he can go back to his strengths.

Jamar Rogers - "Are You Gonna Go My Way" (Team Cee Lo)

His voice sounded great up there, and his performance was also solid, but all the overproduction didn't help, and he wasn't electric. So, we'll see.

Tonight, three contestants from Team Adam and from Team Cee Lo will make it through on votes. Each coach will then have to pick one wild card.

Who do you think should advance? Tell us below!

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Exclusive look: 'Mama's Boys' want to be babied

By Anna Chan

The special bond between mother and son is a beautiful thing. When the little guy is young, he gets plenty of love, good advice, delicious meals and maybe even a maid of sorts from Mom while living at home.?

But eventually, it comes time to fly the coop -- unless he's one of the 30-something men who prefers to stay at home and be babied in adulthood?on TLC's new series "Mama's Boys of the Bronx."

The eight-part series takes a look at the lives of five Italian-American men -- Anthony, Frankie, Giovanni, Peter and Chip -- who all live happily at home with their mothers and have no plans to leave. (Yes, they're all employed.)?

And why should they? The mothers -- who, despite wanting to see their sons marry "good Italian girls" -- ?love having the boys around and even do their laundry, cook for them, clean for them, shop for them and of course, nag them.

Take 38-year-old Giovanni, for example. He moved in with his Aunt Gina after his mother passed away not long ago. In an exclusive sneak peek TLC shared with TODAY.com, the aspiring fashion designer takes some ribbing from his aunt after he turns away her delicious homemade raviolis.?

"Giovan, you know where you gotta lose weight?" Gina snaps. "Your nose! You got a #$&%*^% vacuum cleaner over there! And what time you coming home? You eat no ravioli, you got no ass, and that's it! At least my pants stay up."

Yes, even with all that, Giovanni prefers to live at home. (That must be some amazing ravioli.)?

Check out our exclusive clip:

?

The series premieres at 10 p.m., Monday, April 9 on TLC.

Think the guys will be able to find "good Italian girls" to marry after their lives are featured on the show? Share your thoughts on our Facebook page!

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Cheaters Learn the Truth about Affairs ? MarriageSherpa

Some cheaters will admit that they felt they may be ?missing out? on something by being married. So, your spouse?s answer to that idea was to have an affair.??

But, cheaters soon find out the truth.??

In this blog, I?ll tell you what the vast majority of cheaters discover, and 3 tips for rebuilding your marriage after an affair.?

The Truth of an Affair??

There will always be the cheater who wants out of their marriage. They refuse to put any effort into trying to save their marriage, and think that starting over with someone new means there will be no work involved.?

Those early days are easy, aren?t they??

But they will likely end up moving through new relationships, one after another, always searching for that elusive thing they?re ?missing.??

On the other hand, a smart cheater quickly realizes that whatever they may feel they?re searching for, it won?t be found outside of themselves in someone new. And new relationships will still eventually run into problems?it?s inevitable when you bring two different, individual human beings together.??

The truth is, an affair is not the answer?no matter how you phrase the question.??

Sure, you and your spouse may have problems, even seemingly insurmountable issues, especially after the affair. If your spouse cheated, no doubt they thought things would get better in their life if they escaped their present problems. They may have even thought for a moment they were missing out on the chance for a ?better? relationship.??

Again, it?s hard to avoid the inevitable: a clash of opinions, ideas, and values. So, leaving what they have today doesn?t mean their life will necessarily improve. There are people out there who have divorced and ended up remarrying: they found out the truth, that the grass is not as green as they thought on the other side.??

And that?s what the cheater soon discovers? they?ve made a mistake, and their spouse is more than enough for them. They aren?t missing anything other than the opportunity to grow the relationship they?re in, to work through and resolve its problems, and to not toss in the towel at the first sign of trouble.?

The cheater took a huge chance on losing you. The affair may be more than you can handle, and you won?t want to rebuild your marriage or have anything to do with your spouse. This is a decision that only you can make, and it certainly can?t be made in the early days after an affair has been found out.?

If and when you do decide to try to save your marriage, here are three tips to help you rebuild the relationship that has been so severely tested by your spouse?s betrayal. All three are based on types of transparency:?

Tip #1: Share Your Feelings?

Often, couples allow problems to dig deep into their relationship and fester because no one wants to rock the boat. If your partner does something to upset you, it is much healthier in the long run to share your feelings than to attempt to hide or otherwise tamp them down.??

Transparency of feelings means your spouse doesn?t have to wonder, by virtue of your actions, that they?ve done something wrong or that you?re upset about something. By telling your spouse how you are feeling, you are practicing a healthy transparency.??

Tip #2: Share Your Thoughts?

Similar to sharing your feelings is sharing your thoughts. For both feelings and thoughts, it doesn?t just have to be negative things: when you?re feeling good or having positive thoughts about the future?share that with your spouse. Transparency of thoughts let?s your partner in on all aspects of your inner world, helping you to build intimacy between you.??

Tip #3: Share Your Dreams?

Many couples forget to update their partner on where they?re at in life. This can lead to that desire to ?search for what?s missing.? Really, all that?s missing is the close connection you may have once shared with your spouse, which included this level of sharing of yourself, including your hopes and dreams.

My best to you in healing from the affair and rebuilding your marriage.

Did your spouse cheat, and then admit they felt they were missing out, or missing something in their life?

Do you think your spouse learned the truth about affairs?

Are you willing to consider rebuilding your marriage, and practice all-encompassing transparency?

Please share your ideas and personal experiences on this topic with other members of the community.

Wishing you hope and healing for your marriage,

Stephanie Anderson

Editor-in-Chief

Marriage Sherpa

??????????????????????

"Here Are 3 Things You NEED to do RIGHT NOW to Stop the Affair, Get Your Spouse Back and Stop a Divorce..."

Inside this 100% free report, you'll discover how to:

• Overcome obsessive images...
• Rebuild self-confidence...
• Feel normal again...

Enter your email address below and get ALL THREE steps required to stop the affair, get your spouse back and save your marriage after the affair.after the affair, cheaters, rebuild your marriage, rebuilding your marriage, Save Your Marriage, spouse cheat, spouse?s betrayal, Surviving an Affair, transparency, victim of affair

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